Page 22 - IDEA Study 10 2015 Skills Mismatches

Table 2. Share of overeducated by age group, gender, and type of measure Age grou p Total subjectiv empirica objectiv ele Men subjectiv empirica objectiv ele Women subjectiv empirica objectiv ele 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 Total 29.8% 10.2% 22.4% 11.1% 19.3% 8.2% 19.4% 6.7% 19.5% 5.5% 20.7% 8.2% 30.8% 14.8% 11.0% 9.2% 10.5% 12.1% 25.9% 9.1% 21.7% 10.6% 18.0% 8.6% 18.2% 8.2% 19.8% 6.4% 19.7% 8.7% 16.8% 14.0% 9.8% 8.9% 10.8% 11.0% 36.0% 11.9% 23.6% 11.9% 21.0% 7.7% 20.8% 5.1% 19.0% 4.1% 22.0% 7.6% 35.1% 15.6% 12.5% 9.6% 10.1% 13.3% Note: The table reports the share of overeducated individuals by age group and gender for the subjective, empirical, and objective measures of overeducation. Sample includes all individuals aged 18-64 who are in formal employment. Source: Czech Labor Force Survey data and ad hoc module (2014), own calculation. The overeducation shares decrease quite substantially with age for all three measures (Table 2). This might be because older workers are on average less educated than younger cohorts or because younger workers still search for a job that would be a good match for their education and qualification level. Men are on average slightly more likely to be empirically overeducated than women, but this is only true for workers above 35 years. Older women are thus less likely to work in occupations for which they are empirically overeducated, while younger women are more likely to be overeducated for their occupations than men. For younger women, this might be caused by the fact that they are often primary care takers in the family and thus often choose their occupations according to work-life balance criteria and much less according to qualification requirements. Older women, on the other hand, might be more likely to work in occupations that correspond to their level of education. Gender differences in overeducation measured by subjective and objective indices show an opposite pattern. On average, 22% of women feel subjectively overeducated for their job, while 19.7% of men do and objective measure defines 13.3% of women as overeducated compared to 11% of men (see Table 2). However, these differences are mainly driven by the youngest age group of 18-24 years old, among which women are much more likely to be subjectively and objectively overeducated than men. Share of overeducated individuals also differs substantially with their level of education (see Table 3). The largest share of subjectively overeducated is among people who have 18