Page 22 - IDEA Study 3 2018 Low skilled

The low-skilled work mainly as Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers, and in Elementary Occupations. Regarding types of occupations classified by the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO), the majority of the low-skilled work as Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers (37%), in Elementary Occupations (28%), and as Services and Sales Workers (19%). The ISCO group with the highest share of the low-skilled (27%) is, as expected, Elementary Occupations. Of the low-skilled jobs, 37% are in the manufacturing industry. As for industry structure, 37% of low-skilled employees work in Manufacturing (NACE9 C), followed by 13.5% in Administrative and Support Service Activities (NACE N), and 12% in Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (NACE G). Compared to other skill groups, the low-skilled are much less likely to work on a permanent contract, and they experience higher job turnover. With regard to job characteristics, the share of the employed low-skilled who had a permanent contract in 2016 (58%) was considerably lower – by 16 p.p. – than among other skill groups (the overall share among the employed is 74%, see Table 14). While the total annual hours of work by the low-skilled who worked in 2016 was 1,688, it was 1,767 for the rest of the population. The median duration of the time spent with the same firm (job tenure) of the low-skilled was also much shorter (2.2 years) than in the rest of the population in 2016 (6.4 years). Therefore, the much higher unemployment or non- employment rate among the low-skilled is, at least to some extent, a consequence of the low share of permanent contracts and high job turnover compared to the rest of the population. 9 NACE is the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community. For details, see http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5902521/KS-RA-07-015-EN.PDF 20