Page 36 - IDEA Study 8 2017 Direct subsidies and R&D output in firms

Figure 3. Estimated effects of the programmes on the (NN 3 estimator, conditiona Note: Average treatment effects on the treated with 90% confidence intervals. Each dot probabilities of applying for IP protection for treated and untreated firms derived from values imply “crowding-in” effects: R&D subsidies stimulate IP applications, which wo first (t), second (t+1) and third (t+2) year after the start of funding from the respective p * IP applications data are not complete due to delays in the publishing process. 34